I am from Sweden but lives some 550 kilometers north of Uppsala so the town is more something to pass on the way to Stockholm when going by car or train. I do not no so much of what Uppsala can offer but there is a nice museum railroad out into the countryside east of the town.
http://www.srjmf.se/ You will find "in English" in the middle of the site.
A bit further east of the end station you can find a number of old ironworks and mines.
http://www.uppsala.to/en/DynPage.aspx?id=22435&sid=1And even more east, out in the Baltic sea you will find the most northern parts of the Stockholm
Archipelago.
I think that the landscape is very bicycle friendly.